Appendix:Grundläggande ord efter kategori

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En lista med grundläggande ord baserat på 1000 Japanese basic words på Wiktionary.

Substantiv

Människan

Yrken

Kroppen

Familj

Djur

Växter

Grödor

Mat

Dryck

Kryddor

Tid

Väder

Directions and positions

Material

Adjectives

Forms

  • ja (“いい”)、ja (“よい”)、ja (“良い”) – good (ii, yoi)
  • ja (“すごい”)、ja (“凄い”) – amazing (sugoi)
  • ja (“すばらしい”)、ja (“素晴らしい”) – wonderful (subarashii)
  • ja (“わるい”)、ja (“悪い”) – bad, inferior (warui)
  • ja (“たかい”)、ja (“高い”) – expensive, high (takai)
  • ja (“ひくい”)、ja (“低い”) – low (hikui)
  • ja (“やすい”)、ja (“安い”) – cheap (yasui)
  • ja (“おおきい”)、ja (“大きい”) – big (ōkii)
  • ja (“ちいさい”)、ja (“小さい”) – small (chiisai)
  • ja (“ほそい”)、ja (“細い”) – thin (hosoi)
  • ja (“ふとい”)、ja (“太い”) – thick (futoi)
  • ja (“ふるい”)、ja (“古い”) – old (furui)
  • ja (“あたらしい”)、ja (“新しい”) – new (atarashii)
  • ja (“わかい”)、ja (“若い”) – young (wakai)
  • ja (“かるい”)、ja (“軽い”) – light, easy (karui)
  • ja (“おもい”)、ja (“重い”) – heavy (omoi)
  • ja (“やさしい”)、ja (“易しい”) – easy, simple (yasashii)
  • ja (“むずかしい”)、ja (“難しい”) – difficult (muzukashii)
  • ja (“やわらかい”)、ja (“柔らかい”) – soft (yawarakai)
  • ja (“かたい”)、ja (“硬い”)、ja (“堅い”) – hard (katai)
  • ja (“あつい”)、ja (“熱い”)、ja (“暑い”) – hot (atsui)
  • ja (“つめたい”)、ja (“冷たい”) – cold (tsumetai)
  • ja (“さむい”)、ja (“寒い”) – cold (samui) as in cold weather
  • ja (“おいしい”)、ja (“美味しい”) – delicious (oishii)
  • ja (“うまい”)、ja (“美味い”)、ja (“旨い”) – delicious, appetizing (umai)
  • ja (“まずい”)、ja (“不味い”) – tastes awful (mazui)
  • ja (“あまい”)、ja (“甘い”) – sweet (amai)
  • ja (“からい”)、ja (“辛い”) – hot [spicy] (karai)
  • ja (“しょっぱい”)、ja (“塩っぱい”) – salty (shoppai)
  • ja (“にがい”)、ja (“苦い”) – bitter (nigai)
  • ja (“うつくしい”)、ja (“美しい”) – beautiful (utsukushii)

Feelings

  • ja (“うれしい”)、ja (“嬉しい”) – happy (ureshii)
  • ja (“たのしい”)、ja (“楽しい”) – fun (tanoshii)
  • ja (“かなしい”)、ja (“悲しい”) – sad (kanashii)
  • ja (“さびしい”)、ja (“寂しい”)、ja (“淋しい”) – lonely (sabishii)
  • ja (“さみしい”)、ja (“寂しい”)、ja (“淋しい”) - sad, lonely (samishii)
  • ja (“こわい”)、ja (“怖い”)、ja (“恐い”) – scary (kowai)
  • ja (“いたい”)、ja (“痛い”) – painful (itai)
  • ja (“かゆい”)、ja (“痒い”) – itchy (kayui)
  • ja (“くさい”)、ja (“臭い”) – stinky (kusai)
  • ja (“つらい”)、ja (“辛い”) – painful, heart-breaking (tsurai)

Verbs

Existence

Movement

Actions

  • ja (“うごく”)、ja (“動く”) – to movein (ugoku)
  • ja (“おどる”)、ja (“踊る”) – to dance (odoru)
  • ja (“ねる”)、ja (“寝る”) – to sleep (neru)
  • ja (“うたう”)、ja (“歌う”) – to sing (utau)
  • ja (“かむ”)、ja (“噛む”) – to bite (kamu)
  • ja (“たべる”)、ja (“食べる”) – to eat (taberu)
  • ja (“のむ”)、ja (“飲む”) – to drink (nomu)
  • ja (“さわる”)、ja (“触る”) – to touch (sawaru)
  • ja (“なげる”)、ja (“投げる”) – to throw (nageru)
  • ja (“もつ”)、ja (“持つ”) – to hold (motsu)
  • ja (“うつ”)、ja (“打つ”) – to hit, to strike (utsu)
  • ja (“なぐる”)、ja (“殴る”) – to hit, to strike (naguru)
  • ja (“さす”)、ja (“指す”) – to point (sasu)
  • ja (“さす”)、ja (“刺す”) – to stab (sasu)
  • ja (“さす”)、ja (“差す”) – to raise or extend one's hands (sasu)
  • ja (“ける”)、ja (“蹴る”) – to kick (keru)
  • ja (“すわる”)、ja (“座る”) – to sit (suwaru)
  • ja (“たつ”)、ja (“立つ”) – to stand (tatsu)
  • ja (“はしる”)、ja (“走る”) – to run (hashiru)

Changes of state

Senses

Speech

  • ja (“いう”)、ja (“言う”) – to say (iu)
  • ja (“はなす”)、ja (“話す”) – to speak (hanasu)
  • ja (“かたる”)、ja (“語る ”) – to tell (kataru)
  • ja (“かく”)、ja (“書く”) – to write (kaku)
  • ja (“よむ”)、ja (“読む”) – to read (yomu)

Work

Emotions

  • ja (“かなしむ”)、ja (“悲しむ”)、ja (“哀しむ”) – to be sad (kanashimu)
  • ja (“なく”)、ja (“泣く”) – to cry (naku)
  • ja (“わらう”)、ja (“笑う”) – to laugh (warau)
  • ja (“おこる”)、ja (“怒る”) – to be angry (okoru)
  • ja (“ほめる”)、ja (“褒める”) – to encourage (homeru)
  • ja (“しかる”)、ja (“叱る”) – to scold (shikaru)
  • ja (“よろこぶ”)、ja (“喜ぶ”) – to celebrate, to be jubilant, to have joy, to have delight, to have rapture (yorokobu)
  • ja (“よろこび”)、ja (“喜び”) – joy, delight, rapture (yorokobi)
  • ja (“なぐさめる”)、ja (“慰める”) – to console, to consolate, to provide empathy (nagusameru)
  • ja (“あきる”)、ja (“飽きる”) – to be disinterested, to be bored, to be tired of, to be weary (akiru)
  • ja (“おどろく”)、ja (“驚く”) – to be astonished, to be surprised, to be scared (odoroku)

Activities

  • ja (“あう”)、ja (“会う”) – to meet, to interview (au)
  • ja (“あける”)、ja (“開ける”) – to opentr, to unwraptr (akeru)
  • ja (“あそぶ”)、ja (“遊ぶ”) – to play (asobu)
  • ja (“あつまる”)、ja (“集まる”) – to gatherin (atsumaru)
  • ja (“うる”)、ja (“売る”) – to sell (uru)
  • ja (“える”)、ja (“得る”) – to obtain [some benefit or knowledge] (eru)
  • ja (“おる”)、ja (“折る”) – to breaktr, to foldtr (oru)
  • ja (“かう”)、ja (“買う”) – to buy (kau)
  • ja (“きる”)、ja (“切る”) – to cut (kiru)†
  • ja (“きる”)、ja (“着る”) – to wear [on the upper body] (kiru)
  • ja (“はく”)、ja (“履く”) – to wear [on the lower body] (haku)
  • ja (“かえる”)、ja (“変える”) – to changetr (kaeru)
  • ja (“かえる”)、ja (“代える”) – to exchange, to substitute, to replace (kaeru)
  • ja (“しめる”)、ja (“閉める”) – to closetr (shimeru)
  • ja (“しめる”)、ja (“締める”) – to tie, to fasten (shimeru)
  • ja (“しめる”)、ja (“占める”) – to comprise, to account for (shimeru)
  • ja (“しる”)、ja (“知る”) – to know (shiru)†
  • ja (“つかれる”)、ja (“疲れる”) – to get tired (tsukareru)
  • ja (“でかける”)、ja (“出掛ける”) – to go out, to depart (dekakeru)
  • ja (“はたらく”)、ja (“働く”) – to work [e.g., at a job] (hataraku)
  • ja (“はなす”)、ja (“放す”)、ja (“離す”) – to let go of (hanasu)
  • ja (“やすむ”)、ja (“休む”) – to rest, to take a break, to go to bed (yasumu)
  • ja (“わかれる”)、ja (“分かれる”) – to split intoin, to be divided (wakareru)
  • ja (“わかれる”)、ja (“別れる”) – to partin, to separatein, to break upin (wakareru)
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