Appendix:Grundläggande ord efter kategori

En lista med grundläggande ord baserat på 1000 Japanese basic words på Wiktionary.

Substantiv

Människan

• φοσα (“människa”)
• φοσωασα (“mänsklighet”)
• φοσα (“person”)
• χωασα (“manlig/male/hane”)
• φοσα (“man”)
• σἑθθα (“pojke”)
• μεινα (“kvinnlig/female/hona”)
• φοσα (“kvinna”)
• σἑθθα (“flicka”)
• απίπα (“bebis”)
• ϣεκα (“ungdom”)

Yrken

• [[]] (“läkare”)
• [[]] (“(sjuk)sköterska”)
• [[]] (“tandläkare”)
• αϥλὁπεκα (“politiker”)
• [[]] (“advokat”)
• [[]] (“brandman”)
• [[]] (“polis”)
• [[]] (“soldat”)
• [[]] (“arkitekt”)
• [[]] (“lärare”)
• [[]] (“sångare”)
• [[]] (“ingenjör”)

Kroppen

• νἑμ (“ben (kroppsdel)”)
• σακοϧα (“häl”)
• ϣωλκα (“haka”)
• ρὡτα (“knä”)
• θυλα (“lår”)
• καδα (“huvud”)
• ϧασυλα (“ansikte”)
• πυμμα (“mun”)
• [[]] (“läppar”)
• λαβλα (“tand”)
• χωδδα (“näsa”)
• οινα (“öga”)
• [[]] (“skägg”)
• [[]] (“mustach”)
• βρεσσ (“hår”)
• κυρβα (“öra”)
• βσἑηα (“mage”)
• σωδα (“arm”)
• ρὡτα (“armbåge”)
• ρὡτα (“axel”)
• [[]] (“nagel”)
• χἁιϥα (“hand”)
• ρὡτα (“vrist”)
• [[]] (“handflata”)
• βιλμα (“finger”)
• [[]] (“tå”)
• ϥὁπα (“rumpa”)
• μοϣἡώχκροκα (“mage (inuti)”)
• χωὑηα (“lever”)
• [[]] (“muskel”)
• γεινα (“hals”)
• φὑμα (“hjärta”)
• [[]] (“höft”)
• σοϧϧα (“rygg”)
• αϥα (“blod”)
• σἑβα (“kött”)
• γαλα (“hud”)
• γαλα (“skinn”)
• τὑκκα (“ben (inuti skelett)”)
• ενδα (“bröst(korg)”)
• [[]] (“förkylning”)
• [[]] (“diarré”)
• δβεδδοκα (“sjukdom”)

Familj

• [[]] (“familj”)
• μαμα (“föräldrer”)
• πἱσα (“barn”)
• μαμα (“fader”)
• μαμα (“moder”)
• ϧαϧα (“hustru”)
• ϧαϧα (“man (gift)”)
• βἑμα (“syskon”)
• [[]] (“farfar”)
• [[]] (“morfar”)
• [[]] (“farmor”)
• [[]] (“mormor”)
• [[]] (“barnbarn”)
• [[]] (“morbror”)
• [[]] (“farbror”)
• [[]] (“faster”)
• [[]] (“moster”)
• [[]] (“kusin”)
• [[]] (“brorson”)
• [[]] (“systerson”)
• [[]] (“brordotter”)
• [[]] (“brorson”)

Djur

• καηιοπα (“djur”)
• [[]] (“leopard”)
• ηαωβα (“hund”)
• ϣαωφα (“katt”)
• ϧοομπα (“ko”)
• γορια (“gris”)
• γεωχ (“häst”)
• [[]] (“får”)
• ϧιμα (“apa”)
• [[]] (“mus”)
• [[]] (“tiger”)
• κοϙοχα (“varg”)
• [[]] (“kanin”)
• [[]] (“drake”)
• [[]] (“hjort”)
• [[]] (“groda”)
• [[]] (“padda”)
• σιμπα (“lejon”)
• [[]] (“giraff”)
• [[]] (“elefant”)
• ορνενα (“fågel”)
• [[]] (“höna/kyckling”)
• [[]] (“sparv”)
• [[]] (“kråka”)
• [[]] (“örn”)
• [[]] (“hök”)
• χεμκα (“fisk”)
• [[]] (“räka”)
• [[]] (“sardin”)
• [[]] (“tonfisk”)
• [[]] (“bläckfisk”)
• [[]] (“insekt”)
• [[]] (“fjäril”)
• [[]] (“mal”)
• [[]] (“gräshoppa”)
• [[]] (“spindel”)
• [[]] (“eldfluga”)
• [[]] (“fluga”)
• [[]] (“mygga”)
• [[]] (“kackerlacka”)
• [[]] (“snigel”)
• σμυρα (“mask”)
• [[]] (“skaldjur”)
• [[]] (“mussla”)
• [[]] (“ödla”)
• σμἱρα (“orm”)
• [[]] (“björn”)

Växter

• [[]] (“växt”)
• βρινδα (“gräs”)
• λιλλα (“blomma”)
• πὡκα (“frukt”)
• σωαλνα (“träd”)
• νοϙϙα (“löv”)
• νωαδδα (“rot”)
• [[]] (“stam”)
• [[]] (“svamp”)
• [[]] (“krysantemum”)
• [[]] (“tall”)
• [[]] (“gran”)
• [[]] (“lönn”)
• [[]] (“alm”)

Grödor

• γωαννα (“ris”)
• [[]] (“korn (växt)”)
• φιχχα (“vete”)
• [[]] (“grönsak”)
• πὡκα (“frukt”)
• κυνιχα (“potatis”)
• [[]] (“böna”)
• οσόνα (“morot”)
• ναϧκρα (“äpple”)
• [[]] (“apelsin”)
• [[]] (“banan”)
• [[]] (“päron”)
• [[]] (“kastanj”)
• [[]] (“persika”)
• [[]] (“tomat”)
• μελλα (“melon”)

Mat

• ἡαωμα (“mat”)
• ομικἡαωμα (“frukost”)
• βγὁκοχϲα (“lunch”)
• λιὁνἡαωμα (“middag”)
• [[]] (“matlagning”)
• [[]] (“sallad”)
• [[]] (“dessert”)
• χλεπα (“bröd”)
• κερικιχα (“glass”)

Dryck

• [[]] (“dryck”)
• [[]] (“te”)
• πλοθθεϥα (“kaffe”)
• ραϣα (“mjölk”)
• ηανα (“vatten”)
• [[]] (“öl”)
• [[]] (“vin”)

Kryddor

• [[]] (“socker”)
• λἱχχα (“salt”)

Tid

• ινσα (“tid”)
• [[]] (“kalender”)
• κελλα (“timme”)
• ινσαμα (“minut”)
• φὑμὁβα (“sekund”)
• οιβα (“dag”)
• νὡχχα (“månad”)
• ρἑτα (“år”)
• θἑσο (“igår”)
• ϧο (“idag”)
• ϧωεσσο (“imorgon”)
• ομικα (“morgon”)
• [[]] (“eftermiddag”)
• λιὁνια (“kväll”)
• υηα (“natt”)
• μὁβα (“vecka”)

Väder

• ινα (“sol”)
• νὡϥϛι (“månen”)
• ἱννιχα (“stjärna”)
• ἑθομα (“väder”)
• ριρα (“regn”)
• φωμεωνα (“moln”)
• βυτα (“snö”)
• φυιφα (“vind”)
• πανοκα (“åska”)
• [[]] (“storm”)
• φοιηα (“himmel”)

Directions and positions

• [[]] (“norr”)
• [[]] (“öst”)
• [[]] (“söder”)
• [[]] (“väst”)
• ιω (“här”)
• ω (“där”)
• [[]] (“höger”)
• [[]] (“vänster”)
• πιλλελα (“upp”)
• βωἑσλα (“ner”)
• ενδα (“framsida”)
• σοϧϧα (“baksida”)
• πεϧκίνελα (“andra sidan”)
• [[]] (“diagonal”)
• γεναϛ (“nära”)
• βειλαϛ (“avlägsen”)

Material

• ηανα (“vatten”)
• κερκα (“is”)
• λεμπα (“ånga”)
• ρἱμα (“eld”)
• φοισωαλα (“gas”)
• φοισωαλα (“luft”)
• λυκκα (“jord”)
• βλωϥωαλα (“metall”)
• ἡεωνα (“lera”)
• σοιϧα (“rök”)
• εσσα (“järn”)
• οωθεκα (“koppar”)
• ὑὑχλα (“silver”)
• ααδρεωφα (“guld”)
• πλωμπα (“bly”)

Adjectives

Forms

• ja (“いい”)、ja (“よい”)、ja (“良い”) – good (ii, yoi)
• ja (“すごい”)、ja (“凄い”) – amazing (sugoi)
• ja (“すばらしい”)、ja (“素晴らしい”) – wonderful (subarashii)
• ja (“わるい”)、ja (“悪い”) – bad, inferior (warui)
• ja (“たかい”)、ja (“高い”) – expensive, high (takai)
• ja (“ひくい”)、ja (“低い”) – low (hikui)
• ja (“やすい”)、ja (“安い”) – cheap (yasui)
• ja (“おおきい”)、ja (“大きい”) – big (ōkii)
• ja (“ちいさい”)、ja (“小さい”) – small (chiisai)
• ja (“ほそい”)、ja (“細い”) – thin (hosoi)
• ja (“ふとい”)、ja (“太い”) – thick (futoi)
• ja (“ふるい”)、ja (“古い”) – old (furui)
• ja (“あたらしい”)、ja (“新しい”) – new (atarashii)
• ja (“わかい”)、ja (“若い”) – young (wakai)
• ja (“かるい”)、ja (“軽い”) – light, easy (karui)
• ja (“おもい”)、ja (“重い”) – heavy (omoi)
• ja (“やさしい”)、ja (“易しい”) – easy, simple (yasashii)
• ja (“むずかしい”)、ja (“難しい”) – difficult (muzukashii)
• ja (“やわらかい”)、ja (“柔らかい”) – soft (yawarakai)
• ja (“かたい”)、ja (“硬い”)、ja (“堅い”) – hard (katai)
• ja (“あつい”)、ja (“熱い”)、ja (“暑い”) – hot (atsui)
• ja (“つめたい”)、ja (“冷たい”) – cold (tsumetai)
• ja (“さむい”)、ja (“寒い”) – cold (samui) as in cold weather
• ja (“おいしい”)、ja (“美味しい”) – delicious (oishii)
• ja (“うまい”)、ja (“美味い”)、ja (“旨い”) – delicious, appetizing (umai)
• ja (“まずい”)、ja (“不味い”) – tastes awful (mazui)
• ja (“あまい”)、ja (“甘い”) – sweet (amai)
• ja (“からい”)、ja (“辛い”) – hot [spicy] (karai)
• ja (“しょっぱい”)、ja (“塩っぱい”) – salty (shoppai)
• ja (“にがい”)、ja (“苦い”) – bitter (nigai)
• ja (“うつくしい”)、ja (“美しい”) – beautiful (utsukushii)

Feelings

• ja (“うれしい”)、ja (“嬉しい”) – happy (ureshii)
• ja (“たのしい”)、ja (“楽しい”) – fun (tanoshii)
• ja (“かなしい”)、ja (“悲しい”) – sad (kanashii)
• ja (“さびしい”)、ja (“寂しい”)、ja (“淋しい”) – lonely (sabishii)
• ja (“さみしい”)、ja (“寂しい”)、ja (“淋しい”) - sad, lonely (samishii)
• ja (“こわい”)、ja (“怖い”)、ja (“恐い”) – scary (kowai)
• ja (“いたい”)、ja (“痛い”) – painful (itai)
• ja (“かゆい”)、ja (“痒い”) – itchy (kayui)
• ja (“くさい”)、ja (“臭い”) – stinky (kusai)
• ja (“つらい”)、ja (“辛い”) – painful, heart-breaking (tsurai)

Verbs

• ja (“する”) – to do (suru)
• ja (“やる”) – to do (yaru)

Existence

• ja (“いる”) – to exist [for animate objects] (iru)
• ja (“ある”) – to exist [for inanimate objects] (aru)
• ja (“なる”) – to become (naru)
• ja (“おこる”)、ja (“起こる”)、ja (“興る”) – to occur (okoru)
• ja (“あらわれる”)、ja (“現れる”) – to appear (arawareru)
• ja (“いきる”)、ja (“生きる”) – to live (ikiru)
• ja (“うむ”)、ja (“生む”)、ja (“産む”) – to give birth (umu)
• ja (“しぬ”)、ja (“死ぬ”) – to die (shinu)
• ja (“こわれる”)、ja (“壊れる”) – to breakⁱⁿ (kowareru)

ⁱⁿ intransitive sense

Movement

• ja (“いく”)、ja (“行く”) – to go (iku)
• ja (“くる”)、ja (“来る”) – to come (kuru)
• ja (“かえる”)、ja (“帰る”)、ja (“返る”) – to return (kaeru)
• ja (“あるく”)、ja (“歩く”) – to walk (aruku)
• ja (“とぶ”)、ja (“飛ぶ”) – to jump, to fly (tobu)
• ja (“およぐ”)、ja (“泳ぐ”) – to swim (oyogu)

Actions

• ja (“うごく”)、ja (“動く”) – to moveⁱⁿ (ugoku)
• ja (“おどる”)、ja (“踊る”) – to dance (odoru)
• ja (“ねる”)、ja (“寝る”) – to sleep (neru)
• ja (“うたう”)、ja (“歌う”) – to sing (utau)
• ja (“かむ”)、ja (“噛む”) – to bite (kamu)
• ja (“たべる”)、ja (“食べる”) – to eat (taberu)
• ja (“のむ”)、ja (“飲む”) – to drink (nomu)
• ja (“さわる”)、ja (“触る”) – to touch (sawaru)
• ja (“なげる”)、ja (“投げる”) – to throw (nageru)
• ja (“もつ”)、ja (“持つ”) – to hold (motsu)
• ja (“うつ”)、ja (“打つ”) – to hit, to strike (utsu)
• ja (“なぐる”)、ja (“殴る”) – to hit, to strike (naguru)
• ja (“さす”)、ja (“指す”) – to point (sasu)
• ja (“さす”)、ja (“刺す”) – to stab (sasu)
• ja (“さす”)、ja (“差す”) – to raise or extend one's hands (sasu)
• ja (“ける”)、ja (“蹴る”) – to kick (keru)
• ja (“すわる”)、ja (“座る”) – to sit (suwaru)
• ja (“たつ”)、ja (“立つ”) – to stand (tatsu)
• ja (“はしる”)、ja (“走る”) – to run (hashiru)

Changes of state

• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja – to become unoccupied (aku)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja – to be crowded (komu)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja – to need (iru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja – to become dry (kawaku)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to disturb, to disarrange (midasu)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to be disturbed, to become confused (midareru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to serve, to work for (tsukaeru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to be furnished with (sonawaru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to excel, to surpass (sugureru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to grow cold, to get chilly, to cool down (hieru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to wake, to become sober, to be disillusioned (sameru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to cool down (sameru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to face, to turn toward (muku)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to fall, to collapse (taoreru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to harden, to solidify, to become firm (katamaru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to be filled, to be surrounded, to overflow (umaru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to be buried, to be covered (umoreru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to increase, to grow (masu)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to increase, to multiply (fueru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to decrease (heru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to deviate (hazureru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to grow fat (futoru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to begin (hajimaru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to finish, to close (owaru)
• Mall:l/ja、Mall:l/ja - to decide (kimeru)

Senses

• ja (“みる”)、ja (“見る”) – to see (miru)
• ja (“きく”)、ja (“聞く”)、ja (“聴く”) – to hear, to listen (kiku)
• ja (“さわる”)、ja (“触る”) – to touch, to feel (sawaru)
• ja (“かぐ”)、ja (“嗅ぐ”) – to smell (kagu)

Speech

• ja (“いう”)、ja (“言う”) – to say (iu)
• ja (“はなす”)、ja (“話す”) – to speak (hanasu)
• ja (“かたる”)、ja (“語る ”) – to tell (kataru)
• ja (“かく”)、ja (“書く”) – to write (kaku)
• ja (“よむ”)、ja (“読む”) – to read (yomu)

Work

• ja (“つかう”)、ja (“使う”) – to use (tsukau)
• ja (“つくる”)、ja (“作る”)、ja (“造る”)、ja (“創る”) – to make (tsukuru)
• ja (“なおす”)、ja (“直す”)、ja (“治す”) – to fix, repair (naosu)
• ja (“すてる”)、ja (“捨てる”) – to discard, throw away (suteru)
• ja (“とる”)、ja (“取る”)、ja (“撮る”)、ja (“採る”) – to take (toru)
• ja (“おく”)、ja (“置く”) – to put (oku)

Emotions

• ja (“かなしむ”)、ja (“悲しむ”)、ja (“哀しむ”) – to be sad (kanashimu)
• ja (“なく”)、ja (“泣く”) – to cry (naku)
• ja (“わらう”)、ja (“笑う”) – to laugh (warau)
• ja (“おこる”)、ja (“怒る”) – to be angry (okoru)
• ja (“ほめる”)、ja (“褒める”) – to encourage (homeru)
• ja (“しかる”)、ja (“叱る”) – to scold (shikaru)
• ja (“よろこぶ”)、ja (“喜ぶ”) – to celebrate, to be jubilant, to have joy, to have delight, to have rapture (yorokobu)
• ja (“よろこび”)、ja (“喜び”) – joy, delight, rapture (yorokobi)
• ja (“なぐさめる”)、ja (“慰める”) – to console, to consolate, to provide empathy (nagusameru)
• ja (“あきる”)、ja (“飽きる”) – to be disinterested, to be bored, to be tired of, to be weary (akiru)
• ja (“おどろく”)、ja (“驚く”) – to be astonished, to be surprised, to be scared (odoroku)

Activities

• ja (“あう”)、ja (“会う”) – to meet, to interview (au)
• ja (“あける”)、ja (“開ける”) – to open^tr, to unwrap^tr (akeru)
• ja (“あそぶ”)、ja (“遊ぶ”) – to play (asobu)
• ja (“あつまる”)、ja (“集まる”) – to gatherⁱⁿ (atsumaru)
• ja (“うる”)、ja (“売る”) – to sell (uru)
• ja (“える”)、ja (“得る”) – to obtain [some benefit or knowledge] (eru)
• ja (“おる”)、ja (“折る”) – to break^tr, to fold^tr (oru)
• ja (“かう”)、ja (“買う”) – to buy (kau)
• ja (“きる”)、ja (“切る”) – to cut (kiru)^†
• ja (“きる”)、ja (“着る”) – to wear [on the upper body] (kiru)
• ja (“はく”)、ja (“履く”) – to wear [on the lower body] (haku)
• ja (“かえる”)、ja (“変える”) – to change^tr (kaeru)
• ja (“かえる”)、ja (“代える”) – to exchange, to substitute, to replace (kaeru)
• ja (“しめる”)、ja (“閉める”) – to close^tr (shimeru)
• ja (“しめる”)、ja (“締める”) – to tie, to fasten (shimeru)
• ja (“しめる”)、ja (“占める”) – to comprise, to account for (shimeru)
• ja (“しる”)、ja (“知る”) – to know (shiru)^†
• ja (“つかれる”)、ja (“疲れる”) – to get tired (tsukareru)
• ja (“でかける”)、ja (“出掛ける”) – to go out, to depart (dekakeru)
• ja (“はたらく”)、ja (“働く”) – to work [e.g., at a job] (hataraku)
• ja (“はなす”)、ja (“放す”)、ja (“離す”) – to let go of (hanasu)
• ja (“やすむ”)、ja (“休む”) – to rest, to take a break, to go to bed (yasumu)
• ja (“わかれる”)、ja (“分かれる”) – to split intoⁱⁿ, to be divided (wakareru)
• ja (“わかれる”)、ja (“別れる”) – to partⁱⁿ, to separateⁱⁿ, to break upⁱⁿ (wakareru)